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| Ashoka and the Spread of Buddhism |
Introduction
Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism was a pivotal moment in his reign and had a profound impact on the Mauryan Empire. His subsequent efforts to spread Dhamma, the Buddhist philosophy of non-violence, tolerance, and social justice, led to significant changes in Indian society and culture.
Ashoka and the Spread of Buddhism
Gradual Conversion and Religious Practices:
Lay Disciple: Some scholars suggest that Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism was a gradual process. Around 261 BCE, he became a Sakya Upasaka, a lay disciple of the Buddha.
Ordination: Two and a half years later, Ashoka took the final step of becoming a Bikshu, a fully ordained monk.
Religious Practices: As a Buddhist, Ashoka gave up hunting, visited sacred sites like Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Sravasti, and Kusinagara, and actively promoted the spread of Buddhism.
Dharma Mahamatras and Missions:
Religious Officials: Ashoka appointed special officers called Dharma Mahamatras to oversee the propagation of Dhamma throughout his empire. These officials were tasked with spreading Buddhist teachings, promoting social justice, and ensuring the welfare of the people.
Foreign Missions: Ashoka sent Buddhist missions to various regions, including Sri Lanka, under the leadership of his son Mahendra and daughter Sangamitra. These missions played a crucial role in spreading Buddhism beyond India's borders.
Third Buddhist Council:
Strengthening the Sangha: In 240 BCE, Ashoka convened the Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra with the aim of strengthening and unifying the Buddhist Sangha (community of monks).
Presiding Over the Council: The council was presided over by Moggaliputta Tissa, a renowned Buddhist scholar. The council's decisions helped to standardize Buddhist teachings and resolve internal disputes.
Conclusion
Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism and his subsequent efforts to spread Dhamma had a profound impact on Indian history. His patronage of Buddhism contributed to its widespread acceptance and influence. The establishment of Buddhist missions, the appointment of Dharma Mahamatras, and the convening of the Third Buddhist Council solidified Ashoka's legacy as a champion of Buddhism and a promoter of peace and harmony.
