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| Pallava Art and Architecture: A Golden Age |
Pallava Art and Architecture: A Golden Age
The Pallava period marked a significant era in the development of South Indian art and architecture. The Pallavas introduced the innovative technique of excavating temples from rock, laying the foundation for the Dravidian style of temple architecture. This style evolved gradually, beginning with cave temples, progressing to monolithic rathas, and culminating in structural temples.
The rock-cut temples introduced by Mahendravarman I are a hallmark of early Pallava architecture. These temples can be found in various locations, including Mandagappattu, Mahendravadi, Mamandur, Dalavanur, Tiruchirappalli, Vallam, Siyamangalam, and Tirukalukkunram.
The monolithic rathas and mandapas at Mamallapuram represent the second stage of Pallava architecture. These impressive structures, attributed to Narasimhavarman I, showcase the Pallavas' mastery of stone carving. The five rathas, often referred to as the Panchapanadava rathas, represent different styles of temple architecture. The mandapas, such as the Mahishasuramardhini Mandapa, Tirumurthi Mandapam, and Varaha Madapam, feature intricate sculptures.
Rajasimha ushered in the third stage of Pallava architecture with the introduction of structural temples. These temples, constructed using soft sandstone, exemplify the Pallavas' architectural prowess. The Kailasanatha temple at Kanchi and the Shore temple at Mamallapuram are prime examples of early structural temples. The Kailasanatha temple, in particular, is considered a masterpiece of Pallava art.
The later Pallavas continued the tradition of building structural temples. The Vaikundaperumal temple, Muktheeswara temple, and Matagenswara temples at Kanchipuram represent this final stage of Pallava architecture.
Apart from temple architecture, the Pallavas also excelled in sculpture. The "Open Art Gallery" at Mamallapuram is a treasure trove of sculptures from this period. The Descent of the Ganges and the Penance of Arjuna, often referred to as fresco paintings in stone, showcase the intricate details and themes captured by Pallava sculptors. The figures of the lice-picking monkey, the colossal elephants, and the "ascetic cat" stand as testaments to the skill and artistry of Pallava sculptors.
