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| The Mauryan Army: A Well-Organized Military Force |
Introduction
The Mauryan Empire, known for its efficient administration, also boasted a formidable army that played a crucial role in its expansion and consolidation of power. The army was under the command of the Senapati, a high-ranking military officer, and was renowned for its discipline, organization, and effectiveness.
The Mauryan Army: A Well-Organized Military Force
Salary Structure
Cash Payments: The Mauryan army was one of the first in ancient India to pay salaries to its soldiers in cash. This practice ensured regular and fair compensation, boosting morale and loyalty.
Rank-Based Salaries: Kautilya, the renowned political theorist, provides details about the salaries of different ranks of military officers, reflecting the hierarchical structure of the army.
Composition of the Army
Infantry: The backbone of the Mauryan army was the infantry, consisting of a massive force of six lakh soldiers, according to the Greek author Pliny.
Cavalry: The cavalry was another crucial component, numbering around thirty thousand soldiers. Cavalry units were highly mobile and effective in combat.
Elephants: Elephants played a significant role in Mauryan warfare, both as weapons and symbols of power. The army boasted a formidable force of nine thousand elephants.
Chariots: Chariots were another important element of the Mauryan military, with eight thousand chariots at their disposal.
Organizational Structure
Wings of the Army: The Mauryan army was divided into six wings, each under the control of an Adyaksha or Superintendent. These wings included infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots, navy, and transport and supply.
Administrative Boards: Megasthenes mentions six boards of five members each, responsible for overseeing the administration and operations of the six wings of the military.
Conclusion
The Mauryan army was a well-organized and formidable military force that played a crucial role in the empire's expansion and consolidation of power. The efficient administration, disciplined soldiers, and advanced military technology contributed to the Mauryan army's success. This legacy of military excellence continued to influence subsequent Indian empires and military traditions.
