The Decline of the Sangam Age and the Rise of New Dynasties

Introduction 

The Sangam Age, a period of significant cultural and literary development in South India, gradually came to an end towards the 3rd century AD. The decline was marked by the invasion and subsequent rule of the Kalabhra dynasty.

The Decline of the Sangam Age and the Rise of New Dynasties

The Kalabhra Interlude

Duration: The Kalabhra period lasted for approximately two and a half centuries, during which they controlled much of Tamil Nadu.

Limited Information: Unfortunately, historical records about the Kalabhra rule are scarce, making it difficult to reconstruct a detailed picture of their governance and impact on the region.

Religious Influence: Jainism and Buddhism gained prominence during this time, possibly due to the influence of the Kalabhra rulers.

The Rise of New Dynasties

Pallavas: The Pallavas, based in northern Tamil Nadu, emerged as a powerful force and eventually succeeded in driving out the Kalabhra rulers. The Pallavas established a long-lasting and influential dynasty, known for their contributions to art, architecture, and literature.

Pandyas: In southern Tamil Nadu, the Pandya dynasty regained power and reasserted their authority. The Pandyas continued to play a significant role in the political and cultural landscape of the region.

Conclusion 

The end of the Sangam Age was marked by the decline of the traditional ruling dynasties and the subsequent rise of new powers. The Kalabhra interlude, while shrouded in historical uncertainty, had a significant impact on the region. The subsequent establishment of the Pallava and Pandya dynasties ushered in a new era in the history of South India.